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■iPS細胞で角膜治療、慶応大の臨床研究を厚労省が了承 角膜移植に代わる治療期待 [健康ダイジェスト]

 目の角膜が濁って視力が低下する「水ほう性角膜症」の患者に、iPS細胞(人工多能性幹細胞)からつくった角膜の細胞を移植する慶応大学の研究チームの臨床研究計画が6月30日、厚生労働省の部会で了承されました。移植後1年かけて、安全性や有効性を調べます。
 水ほう性角膜症は、角膜の内側にあり、角膜を透明に保つ「角膜内皮細胞」が減って角膜に水がたまり、白く濁って視力が低下します。
 慶応大学の榛村重人准教授らの研究チームによると、唯一の治療法は亡くなったドナーからの角膜移植ですが、国内の角膜提供は年間2000件弱にとどまります。移植を待つ人は国内に約1万人いるとされ、移植を希望しても1年以上順番を待つ状況が続いているといいます。
 対象は、角膜移植を受けた後に水ほう性角膜症を再発した45~85歳の患者3人。京都大学iPS細胞研究財団が備蓄している他人からつくったiPS細胞を、角膜内皮細胞と同じ働きを持つ細胞に変化させて使います。
 手術は、一度角膜の外側を切って、機能していない角膜内皮細胞を取り除き、iPS細胞からつくった細胞80万個を角膜の内側に注射で移植します。細胞は約3時間で定着し、余った細胞はその後取り除きます。
 研究チームによると、傷口が角膜移植よりも小さいため、合併症を減らせる可能性があります。角膜は他人の細胞による免疫の拒絶が起きにくく、移植前の細胞を大量に冷凍保存しておけば、多くの人に早く届けることができるといいます。研究が進めば、将来的に角膜移植に代わる新たな治療法となることが期待されるとしています。
 京都府立医大では、水ほう性角膜症の患者に、培養した他人の角膜内皮細胞を移植する研究が進められています。

 2021年7月3日(土)




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