■国立がん研究センター、「スキルス胃がん」の遺伝子異常特定 既存薬の効果を確かめる研究へ

　国立がん研究センターが16日、増殖が速く治療が難しいとされる「スキルス胃がん」について、治療の標的となる遺伝子の異常を特定したと発表しました。有効と考えられる薬はすでにあるということで、今後、実際の患者に投与して効果を確かめる研究を進めたいとしています。
　スキルス胃がんは胃がんの５～10％を占め、発見時には治療が厳しい状態になっていることが多く、５年生存率は約10％とされ、治療が困難ながんの１つです。
　国立がん研究センターの間野博行所長らの研究チームは、内臓を覆う「腹膜」にがんが広がったスキルス胃がんの患者、約100人について、腹腔にたまった「腹水」と呼ばれる液体からがん細胞を取り出し、その全遺伝情報（ゲノム）を解析しました。
　その結果、スキルス胃がんに特徴的な遺伝子の異常を７種類特定することに成功したということです。
　がんの一部では特徴的な遺伝子の異常があると、それによって現れるタンパク質などを狙い撃ちにする「分子標的薬」という種類の薬が有効とされ、さらに調べたところ、患者全体の４分の１には、薬の効果が期待できる遺伝子の異常があったということです。
　また、スキルス胃がんのマウスを使った実験では、すでにある薬でがん細胞の増殖抑制などの効果もみられたということで、研究チームは患者に有効な薬を開発できる可能性があるとしています。
　間野所長は、「希望としては、１年以内に実際の患者に投与して効果を確かめる研究につなげたい」と話しています。

　２０２１年８月１９日（木）

タグ：健康ダイジェスト ニュース 健康創造塾

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